<Plants Found on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation
and/or Southeastern Idaho
Originally Identified and Cataloged
by Thomas Nuttall.

Thomas Nuttall

Plants by Common and Scientific Family

Alphabetical List of Plants Found by Nuttall

Idaho plants found by Lewis and Clark

References

Thomas Nuttall
(1786-1859)

In 1832 and 1833 on his first trip to the Rocky Mountains and Oregon, Nathaniel Wyeth collected several plant specimens which he sent to the well known biologist Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859). Nuttall was one of the foremost botanical explorers of North America. He collected plants on journeys through the Great Lakes basin and along the length of both the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers (1810-1811), into what is now Oklahoma (1818-1820), and across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific (1834-1836).

Born in England in 1786, Nuttall first arrived in the United States in 1808. During his visits to the New World from 1808 to 1834 Nuttall traveled extensively to identify and catalogue hundreds of unknown plant and animal species along the upper Missouri, the Mississippi, the Ohio, the Great Lakes, the Arkansas Territory, and the Atlantic States. It was reported that no other explorer of the botany of North America personally made more discoveries than Thomas Nuttall. Many of the the plants from the Nuttall collection are now in the British Museum in London, England.

There was a direct connection between Nuttall and Frederick Pursh who cataloged the plants discovered by Lewis and Clark on their expedition. Nuttall shared some of his new plants with Pursh, who was preparing his flora of North American, which included the plants of Lewis and Clark, many of which were found in what is now Idaho. It was noted that there were many species in common and Pursh included the Nuttall plants in his publication.

In 1834 when Nathaniel Wyeth made his second trip to the Rocky Mountains and on to Oregon, he was accompanied by Nuttall. In crossing what is now westernmost Nebraska, Wyoming, and southern Idaho, Nuttall was in a area never before seen by any biologist. When Wyeth built Fort Hall in July 1834, Nuttall explored the area that is now the Fort Hall Indian Reservation. At Fort Hall Nuttall recorded that he first saw the American Magpie and found the Dusky Willow (Salix melanopsis Nutt.). Studies on the Fort Hall Reservation conducted in the 1990's revealed many plant species that bear Nuttall's name.

A project is currently underway at the Fort Hall Replica to surround the Replica with plants that are indigenous to southeastern Idaho and particularly the native species found in the vicinity of Wyeth's Fort Hall. While a wide range of trees, shrubs, flowers, herbs, and grasses are available for use in the project, special emphasis will be placed on collecting and planting species of plants first identified by Thomas Nuttall, many of which he discovered on his trek with Nathaniel Wyeth in 1834.

Plants by Common and Scientific Family

NOTICE: Many of the plants listed below may be used as food or medicine. Great care should be taken before using any plant without full knowledge and understanding of potential dangers.

COMMON FAMILY NAME	*SCIENTIFIC FAMILY*
Common Plant Name (Click on Plant Name for additional information)	Scientific Plant Name and Its Authority

ASTER FAMILY	*ASTERACEAE*
Alkali-Marsh Butterweed	Senecio hydrophilus Nutt.
Arrowleaf Balsamroot	Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.
Basin Big Sagebrush	Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridentata
Black Head	Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. var occidntalis
Chomisso Arnica	Arnica chamissonis Less. ssp. foliosa Nutt.
Chicken Sage	Sphaeromeria argentea Nutt.
Clasping Arnica	Arnica amplexiculis Nutt.
Common Yarrow	Achillea millefolium var. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper
Edible Thistle	Cirsium edule Nutt.
Elk Thistle	Cirsium scariosum Nutt,
Gray Rabbit-Brush	Chrysothamus nauseosus (Pall.) Britt
		var. albicaulis (Nutt.) Rydb.
Green Rabbit-Brush	Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt
		var. lanceolatus (Nutt.) Greene
Hooker's Balsamroot	Balsamorhiza hooken Nutt. var. hispidula (sharp) Cronq.
Large-leafed Balsamroot	Balsamorhiza macrophylla Nutt.
Largeflower Brickellia (Tassleflower)	Brickellia grandiflora Nutt.
Largeflower Hawksbeard	Crepis occidentalis Nutt.
Low Goldenrod	Solidago nana Nutt.
Low Pussy-Toes	Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) T. & G.
Low Sagebrush	Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. var. nova (A. Nels.) Cronq
Lowland Cudweed	Gnaphalium palustre Nutt.
Mountain False Dandielion	Agoseris heterophylla Nutt.
Northern Mules'ears	Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt.
Northwest Viguiera	Viguiera multiflora (Nutt.). Blake var. multiflora
Nuttall's Sunflower	Helianthus nuttallii T & G.
Prairie Coneflower	Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton & Standl.
Prairie Goldenrod	Solidago missouriensis Nutt.
Prairie Sunflower	Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.
Rabbitbrush	Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britton
		var albicaulis Nutt.
Rocky Mount Sunflower	Helianthellia uniflora (Nutt.) T. & G. var. nuttallii
Rush-Pink	Lygodesmia grandiflora (Nutt.) T.& G.
Short Rayed Alkali Aster	Aster frondousus (Nutt.) T. & G.
Showy Fleabane	Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC
		var. macranthus (Nutt.) Cronq
Showy Goldeneye	Viguiera multiflora (Nutt,) S. F. Blake
Small Wire Lettuce	Stephanomeria exigua Nutt.
Smooth Daisy	Erigeron gabellus Nutt. var. gabellus
Sneezeweed	Helianthella autumnale L. var. montanum (Nutt.) Fern.
Spiny Horsebrush	Lagothamnus microphyllus Nutt. var. spinosa
Spiny Skeletonweed	Lygodesmia spinosa Nutt.
Streambank Arnica	Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt.
Tall Marsh-Elder	Iva xanthifolia Nutt.
Thick-Stemmed Aster	Aster integrifolius Nutt.
Thread-Leaf Daisy	Erigeron filifolius Nutt. var. filifolius
Thoroughwort.	Brickella oblongifolia Nutt,
Wavy Leaf Thistle	Ciraiium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreg.
Western Aster	Aster occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray
Western Coneflower	Rudbeckia occidentials Nutt.
Western Goldenrod	Euthamia occidentalis Nutt.
Western Mugwort	Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. latiloba Nutt.
White Mule's Ears	Wyethia helianthoides Nutt.
White Thistle	Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.
Wyoming Big Sagebrush	Artemisia tridentata Nutt.
		ssp. wyomingensis Beeetle & Young

BEAN/PEA FAMILY	FABACEAE
American Vetch	Vicia americana Muhl. ex Wild. Var oregana Nutt.
False Lupine	Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Richardson
Lance Leaf Scurf Pea	Psoralea lanceolata Nutt.
Lodgepole Lupine	Lupinus parviflorus Nutt.
Mountain Thermopsis	Theropsis montana Nutt. var montana
Northern Sweetvetch	Hedysarum boreale Nutt. var camescems Nutt..
Nuttall's Licorice	Glcyrrhiza lepidota Nutt. ex Pursh.
Painted Milkvetch	Astragalus cermicus E. Sheldon
		var. Orobus longifolius Nutt.
Pulse Milkvetch	Astragalus tenellus Pursh var. Orobus dispar Nutt.
Silvery Lupine	Lupinus argenteus Pursh. var. pariflorus (Nutt.) Hitchc.
Summer Clover	Trifolium longipes Nutt.
Wooly Clover	Trifolium microcephalum Nut.

BIRCH FAMILY	BETULACEAE
Mountain Alder	Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.

BORAGE FAMILY	BORAGINACEAE
Rosette Tiquilia	Tiquilia nuttallii (Hook) Richardson
Sagebrush Bluebells	Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. D
Spotted Forget-Me-Not	Hackelia patens (Nutt.) I.M. Johnst. var. patens

BROOMRAPE FAMILY	*ORPBAMCJACEAE*
Clustered Broomrape	Orobanche fasciculata Nutt.

BUCKWHEAT FAMILY	POLYGONACEAE
Matted Buckwheat	Eriogonum caespitosum Nutt.
Nodding Buckwheat	Eriogonum cernuum Nutt.
Oval-Leafed Buckwheat	Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium
Slenderbush Buckwheat	Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hook.
Wyeth's Buckwheat	Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.
		var. angustifolium (Nutt.) T. & G.

BUTTERCUP FAMILY	RANUNCULACEAE
Celery-Leaved Buttercup	Ranunculus sceleratus var. multifidus Nutt.
Columbian Monkshood	Aconitum columbianum Nutt. var. columbianum
Low Larkspur	Delphinium nuttallianum Pritzel.
Red Baneberry	Actaea arguta Nutt. (Rubra)
Western Virgins-Bower	Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.

CACTUS FAMILY	*CACTACEAE*
Fragile Prickly Pear Cactus	Opuntia fragilis (Nutt) Hawthorne

CARROT FAMILY	APIACEAE
Fernleaf Desert Parsley	Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance
Lyall's Angelica	Angelica arguta Nutt.
Mountain Sweet Cicely	Osmorhiza divaricala Nutt. ex. Torr. & Gray
Wyeth Biscuitroot	Lomatium ambiguum (Nutt.) J.M. Coult. & Rose

EVENING-PRIMROSE	ONAGRACEAE
Desert Evening Primrose	Oenothera cespitosa Nutt. ssp. montana (Nutt.) Muntz
Lewis River Evening Primrose	Camissonia Parvula (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Raven
Nuttall's Primrose	Oenothera Nuttallii T. & G.
Scarlet Beeblossom	Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh
Tall Annual Willow-Herb	Epilobium paniculatum Nutt. var. paniculatum

FIGWORT FAMILY	SCROPHULARIACEAE
Lowly Penstemon	Penstemon humilis Nutt.
Northwestern Paintbrush	Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) B. Don
Yellow Owl-Clover	Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.

FOUR-O'CLOCK FAMILY	NYCTAGINACEAE
Sand Verbena	Abronia fragrans Nutt.

GOOSEBERRY FAMILY	GROSSULAROICEAE
Wax Currant	Ribes cereum Doug. var. reniforme Nutt.

GOOSEFOOT FAMILY	CHENOPODIACEAE
Fourwing Saltbush	Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. var. cabescens
Nuttall's Saltbush	Atriplex nuttallii S. Watts

HEATH FAMILY	ERICACEAE
Western Labrador Tea	Ledum glandulosum Nutt.
Woodland Pinedrops	Pterospora andromedea Nutt.

IRIS FAMILY	IRIDACEAE
Rocky Mountain Iris	Iris missouriensis Nutt.

LILY FAMILY	LILIACEAE
Leopard Lily	Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt.
Mountain Death-Camas	Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.
Sego Lily	Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray
Western Turkey Grass/Indian Basket Grass	Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh.) Nutt

MALLOW FAMILY	MALVACEAE
Oregon Checkermallow	Sidalcea oregana (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray

MAPLE FAMILY	ACERACEAE
Bigtooth Maple	Acer grandidentatum Nutt.

MINT FAMILY	LAMIACEAE
American Dragon-Head	Dracocephallum parviflorum Nutt.
Purple Dragon-Head	Physostegia parviflora Nutt.
Swamp Hedge-Nettle	Stachys palustris L. var. pilosa (Nutt.) Fern

MUSTARD FAMILY	BRASSICACEAE
Bittercress	Cardamine oligosperma Nutt.
Entire Leave Thelypody	Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl.
Montana Peppergrass	Lepidium Montanum Nutt. var. montanum
Rough Wallflower	Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC

NETTLE FAMILY	URTICACEAE
Stinging Nettle	Urtrica holosericea Nutt.

NIGHTSHADE FAMILY	SOLANACEAE
Cut-leaf Nightshade	Solanum triflorum Nutt.

OLEASTER FAMILY	ELAEAGNACEAE
Canadian Buffalo Berry	Sheperdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.
Silver Buffalo-Berry	Shepardia argentea (Pursh.) Nutt.

PHLOX FAMILY	POLEMONIACEAE
Long-Leaf Phlox	Phlox longifolia Nutt.
Nuttall's Linanthastrum	Linanthastrum nuttallii
Sky Phlox	Polemonium viscosum Nutt.
Tiny Trumpet	Collomia linearis Nutt.

PINE FAMILY	PINACEAE
Subalpine Fir	Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.

PINK FAMILY	CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Capitate Sandwort	Arenaria congesta Nutt. var. congesta

ROSE FAMILY	ROSACEAE
Black Hawthorn	Crataegus douglasii var. rivularis Nutt.
Bush Oceanspray	Holodiscus dumsus (Nutt. ex Hook.) A. Heller
Bushy Cinquefoil	Potentilla paradoxa Nutt.
Curl Leaf Mountain Mahogany	Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.
Rock Spiraea	Petrophytum caepitosum (Nutt.) Rydb.
Squaw Apple	Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt.
Thimbleberry	Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Western Burnet	Sanguisorba occidentale Nutt. ex. T. & G.
Western Chokecherry	Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa Nutt.
Western Serviceberry	Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.

SANDLEWOOD FAMILY	SANTAIACEASE
Pale Bastard Toad-Flax	Comandra unbellata (L.) Nutt. var. pallida (D.C.) Jones

SAXIFRAGE FAMILY	SAXIFRAGACEAE
Slender Woodland Star	Lithophragma tenellum Nutt. var. tenella
Small Flower Fringecup	Lithophragma parviflorum (Hook.) Nutt.
Small Prairie Star	Lithophragma glabrum Nutt.

SEDGE FAMILY	CYPERACEASE
Golden-Fruited Sedge	Carex aurea Nutt.

SUMAC FAMILY	ANACARDIACE
Skunkbrush	Rhus trilobata Nutt.

VALERIAN FAMILY	VALERIANACEAE
Edible Valerian/Tobacco Root	Valeriana edulis Nutt. var. edulis Nutt.

VIOLET FAMILY	VIOLACEAE
Nuttall's Violet	Viola nuttallii Pursh var. vallicola (Nels.) Hitchc.

WILLOW FAMILY	SALICACEAE
Caudate Willow	Salix lucida Muhlenb. ssp. caudata (Nutt.)
Dusky Willow	Salix exigua Nutt. ssp.melannopsis (Nutt.) Cronq.
		var. melanopsis
Scouler's Willow	Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook var. flavescens Nutt
Sandbar Willow	Salix exigua Nutt.

REFERENCES

Books

Bremness, Lesley, 1994. Herbs. Dorling Kindersley, London.

Coon, N. 1963. Using Plants for Healing. Hearthside Press, Inc. Mass.

Craighead, J. J., F. C. Craighead, and R. J. Davis. 1963. A Field Guide to Rocky Mountain Wildflowers. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

Cronquist, A., N. H. Holmgren, and P.K. Holmgren. 1997. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3, Part A. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1989. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3, Part B. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H .Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1984. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 4, Part B. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H., J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1994.. Intermountain Flora,
Vol. 5. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1977. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3, Part B. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Glennon, James M.. 1991. Flora of the Fort Hall Indian Reservation. Idaho State University.

Harrington, H. D., 1967. Edible Native Plants of the Rocky Mountains. The University of New Mexico Press.

Huxley, Anthony, 1967. Mountain Flowers. The Macmillan Company, New York.

Imes, Rick, 1992. Wildflowers. Wildflowers. Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania.

Johnson, Frederic D., 1995. Wild Trees of Idaho. University of Idaho Press.

Monzino, H. N., 1987. Shrubs of the Great Basin. University of Nevada Press, Reno, Los Vegas.

Orr, R. T., and M. C. Orr, 1974. Wildflowers of Western America. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.

Pesman, Walter, M., 1988. Meet the Natives. Denver Botanic Gardens.

Rydberg, P. A., 1917. Flora of the Rocky Mountains. Published by the Author, New York.

Taylor, Ronald J., 1992. Sagebrush Country. Mountain Press Printing Company, Missoula.

Williamson, Kim, 1964. Eating Wild Plants. Mountain Press Printing Company, Missoula.

Internet Resources

Albion College: Angiosperm Images By Family

Botanical Dermatology Database. BoDD Index to Plant Families.

Botanical Medicine Information Resources

CalFlora. Botanical resource of 8,363 vascular plants on the internet.

California Gardens.com

Canada Poisonous Plant Information System

Central Washington Native Plants

Creek Herbs. A collection of herbs, wildflowers, descriptions, and folklore.

DMOZ Plants

Expedition to the Future: Lewis and Clark Botany

Fire effects Information: 900 plants described

Flora Northwest